Fig. 10

The mean number of measurements and the corresponding standard deviation for 66 preprocessed biomarkers in the UK Biobank Primary Care data are presented (a), with boxplots providing a summary for the mean (b) and the standard deviation (c). The analysis considers data collected from up to five years prior to the baseline visit through to the baseline visit itself. The data distinguished in red pertain exclusively to individuals with a CKD diagnosis, while the data in blue represent the entire cohort of UK Biobank participants with Primary Care Data